Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine hydrochloride in capsules by spectrophotometry, TLC-spectrodensitometry and HPLC

This paper describes sensitive, accurate and precise spectrophotometric, TLC-spectrodensitometric and high performance liquid chromatographic [HPLC] methods for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine HCl. Two spectrophotometric methods were developed, namely; first derivative [D[1]] and derivative ratio [DD[1]] methods. The TLC method employed aluminum TLC plates precoated with silica gel GF[254] as the stationary phase and methanol: toluene:ammonia [7:3:0.1, by volume] as the mobile phase, where the chromatogram was scanned at 235 nm. The developed HPLC method used a reversed phase C18 column with isocratic elution. The mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer pH 4.0:acetonitrile:triethylamine [53:47:0.03, by volume] at flow rate of 1.0 mL min[-1]. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 235 nm. The methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH] guidelines. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory-prepared mixtures. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine HCl in bulk powder and combined capsule dosage form

Correlation between ovicidal effectiveness and egg-membrane penetration determined by chromatography in two modes of biomphalaria Alexandrina eggs exposure to certain plant and chemical molluscicides

The weak ovicidal effect of the plants having molluscicidal activity is a criterion against their field application in controlling the medically important snails. Chemical molluscicides are potent against snails and their eggs. This work is a trail to use bayluscide and CuSO4 [chemical molluscicides] in sub lethal concentrations to improve the ovicidal effect of Anagallis arvensis and Calendula micrantha plants against the eggs of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails through two modes of eggs exposure. The first was the pre-exposure of snail's eggs to sub lethal concentrations of chemical molluscicides followed by plant exposure and this improve the effect of plants against the snail's eggs with a synergistic ratio ranged from 1.5 to 4.49. While the second mode of exposure is to evaluate the toxicity of mixtures of chemical molluscicides and plants against snail's eggs. It was noticed that this moda resulted in 100% mortality when eggs exposed to mixture of LC15 of C. micrantha or LC25 of A. arvensis with sublethal concentrations of the molluscicides bayluscide or copper sulphate. TLC reveals that the number of the penetrated plant compounds increased in all copper sulphate treatments and in pre-exposure of C. micrantha by bayluscide while the same number of plant compounds were penetrated in the rest of bayluscide treatments as in the cese of the plant alone. So, the increase in plant potency was through chemicals that affect the eggs' membrane to be permeable for more active ingredients [more in number or concentration or both of them] of the tested plants to become in contact with the target embryos

Rapid and reliable HP-TLC detection of opium and opium alkaloids; fluorescence densitometric assessment of morphine in serum

To propose a rapid reliable Thin Layer Chromatography [TLC] detection of opium and opium alkaloids in seizures and to develop a micro High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography [HP-TLC] method of assessment of morphine in serum using CAMAG-TLC scanner. 3 Opium samples were provided from the central Medico-Legal Laboratory, Ministry of Justice, Cairo, Egypt. They were subjected to TLC using the standard conditions. The blood samples were admitted to the Department of Narcotics and Poisons, National Research Center. The serum samples were hydrolyzed, extracted and dansylated. The dansyl derivatives were submitted to HP-TLC and measured by fluorescence densitometry using CAMAG-TLC scanner. TLC showed the major and minor opium alkaloids. The densitomatric fluorescence of morphine in serum revealed that the concentrations of morphine in 3 samples were 40, 50 of 66 ng/ml. Being sensitive and reliable the proposed method proved its applicability where possession or ingestion of opium is to be assessed

Spectrofluorimetric determination of bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan in tablets and spiked plasma

Simple, sensitive and rapid spectrofluorimetric procedure is described for the determination of two antihypertensive drugs namely, Bisoprolol fumarate [BSF] and Valsartan [VT]. The effect of solvents was investigated. The fluorescence properties of the two cited drugs showed maximum emission intensity in 0.1N H[2]SO[4] at lambda [em] 298 and 415nm for BSF and VT, respectively, when excited at lambda[ex] 227nm. The calibration graphs were rectilinear from 0.08-1.28 and 0.12-1.6 micro g/ml for BSF and VT respectively. The method, was applied to the determination of the two cited drugs in tablets either single or when co-formulated with hydrochlorothiazide [HZ] with % recoveries of 100.03 +/- 0.57 and 99.70 +/- 0.90 for BSF and VT, respectively. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of the proposed method it allowed its application in spiked human plasma with good % recoveries of 99.73 +/- 2.06 for BSF and 99.94 +/- 1.71 for VT

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phenytoin in hair of epileptic patients by thin layer chromatography [TLC] and high performance liquid chromatpgraphy [HPLC]

The Two methods [TLC and HPLC] were applied to the head hair of epileptic patients who are orally treated with 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg of phenytoin daily. The detection of phenytoin in human hair revealed that, by TLC phenytoin was present in all hair samples. Zwikker's reagent and the dithiazone reagent were the best spraying reagents when the eluent was methanol to chloroform 1:9 by HLPC, phenytoin was present in hair samples at concentrations ranged from 4.3-9.5 ng/mg after administration of 100-300 mg/day of phenytoin respectively with a retention time 6.16 min when the mobile phase was Acetonitrile 70% to methanol 30%. The results show a linear correlation between the drug concentration in human hair and the daily dosage of phenytoin

Identification of Mycobacteria by thin layer chromatographic analysis of mycolic acids and conventional biochemical method: four years of experience

Mycolic acids analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has been employed by several laboratories worldwide as a method for fast identification of mycobacteria. This method was introduced in Brazil by our laboratory in 1992 as a routine identification technique. Up to the present, 861 strains isolated were identified by mycolic acids TLC and by standard biochemical tests; 61 per cent out of these strains came as clinical samples, 4 per cent isolated from frogs and 35 per cent as environmental samples. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identified by classical methods were confirmed by their mycolic acids contents (I, III and IV). The method allowed earlier differentiation of M. avium complex - MAC (mycolic acids I, IV and VI) from M. simiae (acids I, II and IV), both with similar biochemical properties. The methods also permitted to distinguish M. fortuitum (acids I and V) from M. chelonae (acids I and II), and to detect mixed mycobacterial infections cases as M. tuberculosis with MAC and M. fortuitum with MAC. Concluding, four years experience shows that mycolic acids TLC is an easy, reliable, fast and inexpensive method, an important tool to put together conventional mycobacteria identification methods.